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An analysis of a large study population here shows that glucosamine supplementation results in about a 15% reduction in mortality, a sizable effect size in the context of what is known of the effects of lifestyle choices and supplementation on aging. Glucosamine is used as an anti-inflammatory intervention, but there […]

A significant number of patients reported a deterioration in their hearing when questioned eight weeks after discharge from hospital admission for COVID-19, according to the University of Manchester audiologists, in a study supported by the NIHR Manchester Biomedical Research Centre (BRC). One hundred and twenty-one of the adults admitted to […]

More than three hundred years after Antonie van Leeuwenhoek used one of the earliest microscopes to describe human sperm as having a “tail, which, when swimming, lashes with a snakelike movement, like eels in water”, scientists have revealed this is an optical illusion. Using state-of-the-art 3D microscopy and mathematics, Dr Hermes […]

African-Americans have up to three times the risk of dying from strokes as people of European descent, yet there has been little investigation of if and how genetic variants contribute to their elevated risk. Until now. A large international team of scientists has completed the largest analysis of stroke-risk genes […]

Disruption of condensates in the neurodevelopmental disorder provides insights into how cells compartmentalize chromosomes, as well as new potential therapies. New discoveries about the disruption of condensates in the neurodevelopmental disorder Rett syndrome provide insights into how cells compartmentalize chromosomes, as well as new potential paths for therapies. Scientists have, […]

An international team led by UNSW medical researchers has tested a chemical compound in the lab and a range of animal models to progress much-needed treatment options for neovascular age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and diabetic retinopathy (DR), the main eye complication of diabetes. While the preclinical studies provide hope to […]

Researchers from JCU’s Queensland Research Centre for Peripheral Vascular Disease, involving collaborators from across Queensland, are conducting clinical trials to investigate whether a new drug can be used for treating blocked leg artery-related walking impairment. “People with blocked leg arteries have a substantially reduced ability to walk, which leads to […]

The multicellular, 3-D structure of human pancreatic islets — the areas of the pancreas containing hormone-producing or endocrine cells — has presented challenges to researchers as they study and manipulate these cells’ function, but Vanderbilt University Medical Center researchers have now developed a pseudoislet system that allows for much easier […]

A protein linked to amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), a progressive neurological disease that causes muscle weakness, may be a key to treating fibrotic disease of the kidneys and other organs, researchers at Vanderbilt University Medical Center reported recently. FUS is the acronym of a protein in the nucleus of cells that regulates […]

Many modern cancer drugs target a specific genetic mutation that is driving particular cancer’s runaway growth and division — such as the HER-2 protein in some breast cancers or EGFR in certain lung cancers. But this strategy hasn’t worked well against glioblastoma, an aggressive form of brain cancer, which is […]

The findings from a recent study by a University at Buffalo researcher and others could prove to be a game-changer for men with Type 2 diabetes. The single-site study, conducted over 11 years in Bremerhaven, Germany, found that testosterone therapy reversed Type 2 diabetes in one-third of the study participants. […]

Scientists at the IRCM reveal the function of some 200 proteins previously unprobed by biologists, pointing the way to new therapeutic targets for cancers and neurological disorders. A team from the Montreal Clinical Research Institute (IRCM) has written a new chapter in gene regulation by unearthing the function of about […]

Best vitelliform macular degeneration, or Best disease, is an inherited eye condition that typically leads to blindness over the course of a few decades. The disease can be caused by more than two hundred mutations in the BEST1 gene. The researchers were able to correct the disease in stem cells from patients […]

More than 30 million Americans are infected with a brain parasite spread by cats and contaminated meat, but most will never show symptoms. A new discovery from the University of Virginia School of Medicine explains why, and that finding could have important implications for brain infections, neurodegenerative diseases, and autoimmune […]

Within a mere eight years, CRISPR-Cas9 has become the go-to genome editor for both basic research and gene therapy. But CRISPR-Cas9 also has spawned other potentially powerful DNA manipulation tools that could help fix genetic mutations responsible for hereditary diseases. Researchers at the University of California, Berkeley, have now obtained […]

T cells are the immune soldiers at the frontline of the battle with infiltrating pathogens that seek to cause disease. A new study published in Nature Biomedical Engineering describes a novel, label-free imaging technique that can differentiate active T cells from those off duty. The method produced by the U.S. National Science Foundation-funded research […]

Case Western Reserve University scientists are developing artificial intelligence (AI) tools to help surgeons and oncologists identify the subtle but critical differences between a recurring tumor and damaged non-cancerous tissue on post-operative MRI scans of certain cancer patients. The work is being led by Pallavi Tiwari, PhD, and Satish Viswanath, […]

A new multi-institution, dose-determining clinical trial of a compound against metastatic, castration-resistant prostate cancer showed promising results, researchers reported in Clinical Cancer Research. The phase 1b/2a study of the pan-BET bromodomain inhibitor ZEN-3694 in combination with enzalutamide was led by researchers at the University of Michigan Rogel Cancer Center, the University of California, San Francisco, […]

Enzalutamide is one of the main treatments for patients with metastatic, castration-resistant prostate cancer — the lethal form of the disease. However, treatment options are limited for those who develop resistance to enzalutamide. Now, a multi-institution team has uncovered new clues that may help overcome resistance in some patients, according […]

The Encyclopedia of DNA Elements (ENCODE) Project(link is external) is a worldwide effort to understand how the human genome functions. With the completion of its latest phase, the ENCODE Project has added millions of candidate DNA “switches” from the human and mouse genomes that appear to regulate when and where genes are […]

Two decades or more before symptoms arise, plaques of a sticky protein called amyloid to begin forming in the brains of people later diagnosed with Alzheimer’s disease. Researchers at Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis have shown that levels of a specific protein in the blood rise as […]

Florida State University Professor of Biological Science David Gilbert is using the latest information about the human genome as a guide to better understand cancer. Gilbert and his FSU colleagues were part of a team that compared different cancer cell types to a database of normal human cells using a […]

The molecular chaperone protein known as heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) helps stabilize a number of proteins that are involved in tumor growth. This is why inhibitors that act on the protein have been investigated as potential anti-cancer drugs. So far, however, the inhibitors developed by various academic groups and […]

When we get a wound on our skin, the cells in our bodies quickly mobilize to repair it. While it has been known how cells heal wounds and how scars form, a team led by researchers from Washington University in St. Louis has determined for the first time how the […]

Many children treated for childhood malnutrition in developing countries never fully recover. They suffer from stunted growth, immune system dysfunction and poor cognitive development that typically cause long-term health issues into adulthood. Now, new research from Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis and the International Centre for Diarrhoeal […]

Alone genetic mutation can cause a life-changing disorder with effects on multiple body systems. Lysosomal storage diseases, for example, of which there are dozens, arise due to single mutations that affect the production of critical enzymes required to metabolize large molecules in cells. These disorders affect multiple organs including, notably, […]

A new comparison of two breast-screening technologies has found that, for most women, digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT, also called 3D mammography) is superior to digital mammography for cancer detection and for reducing recall visits due to unclear or false findings. The study’s distinction, though, is in identifying women for whom […]

New findings by chemists Wolfgang Peti and Rebecca Page provide a foundation to better understand and treat these neurological disorders. From the movement of a finger to the creation of a memory, actions of the human body require the harmonious concert of protein interactions. A system of checks and balances […]

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2213671120302411A team of British and American scientists have discovered a way to slow the growth of breast cancer stem cells in the lab. The study led by Dr Bruno Simões and Professor Rob Clarke from The University of Manchester could eventually lead to combination drug therapies on previously untreatable breast […]

Biologists have known for some time that RNA interference can silence genes in far-​off cells. They suspected that a messenger substance “transmits” RNA interference. Now, ETH researchers have definitively shown that these messengers in plants are short double-stranded RNA fragments. In most organisms, small bits of RNA play a key […]