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Aging or impaired brains can once again form lasting memories if an enzyme that applies the brakes too hard on a key gene is lifted, according to University of California, Irvine neurobiologists. “What we’ve discovered is that if we free up that DNA again, now the aging brain can form […]

Imagine getting a phone call asking if you’d like to take part in a study … for the next 20 years. It’s a pitch that makes telemarketing look like child’s play. So no wonder Christina Wolfson, BSc’76, MSc’78, PhD’85, a professor in the Faculty of Medicine, says that the recruitment of […]

Biomedical engineers at Case Western Reserve University are growing tracheas by coaxing cells to form three distinct tissue types after assembling them into a tube structure—without relying on scaffolding strategies currently being investigated by other groups. Successful trials and further research and development could someday allow surgeons the option of […]

Iron deficiency in the first four weeks of a piglet’s life – equivalent to roughly four months in a human infant – impairs the development of key brain structures, scientists report. The abnormalities remain even after weeks of iron supplementation begun later in life, the researchers found. The discovery, reported in the […]

We know that life is short and we want to enjoy it for as long as we can. However, aging has been associated with reduced wellbeing and health as well as increasing risk of death. There are ways to combat this inevitable destiny – a new research led by scientists […]

Detailing their findings in a study published on 12 February in the journal Nature Biotechnology, an international group of researchers had introduced a DNA nanorobot capable of traveling in the bloodstream and delivering a deathly payload to malignant tumours. “It’s a combination of diagnosing the bio-markers on the surface of […]

Despite herculean efforts, cancer remains a formidable disease, with each malignant subtype responding differently to therapeutics. One hurdle specific to treating solid tumors is a protective layer called an extracellular matrix that can prevent chemotherapeutic agents from penetrating the tumor’s core. Scientists now report results in ACS’ Chemistry of Materials showing that, […]

Women with asthma who only use short-acting asthma relievers take longer to become pregnant than other women, according to international research led by the University of Adelaide. However, the study of more than 5600 women in Australia, New Zealand, the United Kingdom and Ireland also shows that women with asthma […]

Cells are typically grown on solid materials, such as tissue culture plastic, degradable polymers and bioceramics. It is thought that the strong mechanical properties of these biomaterials are required to allow cell adhesion, an important process often controlling the behaviour of stem cells and promoting implant incorporation by surrounding tissues […]

Osteoporosis affects millions of people around the globe. It causes bones to become fragile and the bone tissue is losing density. Scientists have been trying to promote bone growth in osteoporosis for quite some time and now they thing they may have the answer. Altering structure of sugar chains on […]

The work, conducted in the laboratory of Michael Elowitz, professor of biology and bioengineering, Howard Hughes Medical Institute Investigator, and executive officer for Biological Engineering, is described in a paper in the issue of Cell. In particular, the scientists studied a key communication system called “Notch,” which is used in nearly every […]

Case Western Reserve and Cleveland Clinic are leading development of a computerized tissue-imaging program that could soon help identify which lung cancer patients are likely to face an earlier recurrence of the disease. With that information, cancer experts could more accurately determine which lung cancer patients should undergo aggressive post-surgery […]

In one of the first successes of its kind, researchers from Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine and six other institutions have inhibited the spreading of cancer cells from one part of the body to another. In doing so, they relied on a new model of how cancer metastasizes […]

Doctors who work with individuals at risk of developing dementia have long suspected that patients who do not realize they experience memory problems are at greater risk of seeing their condition worsen in a short time frame, a suspicion that now has been confirmed by a team of McGill University […]

NK (natural killer) cells are a special type of white blood cell discovered at Karolinska Institutet in the 1970s that can recognise and kill cancer cells. In recent years, much knowledge has been generated on the biology of the cells and their ability to recognise tumour cells. Research into immunotherapy, […]

Humans need the chemical element selenium for good health. The selenium-containing enzyme thioredoxin reductase 1 (TrxR1) can be used to support the growth of various cells and to protect them from harmful forms of oxygen radicals, known as oxidative stress. Selenium intake has long been a topic of discussion in […]

The vasculature of the brain is, like elsewhere on the body, made up of arteries, veins and thin, intervening vessels called capillaries through which the main exchange of oxygen, nutrients and waste products takes place. However, the vessels of the brain differ from others in one important respect – the […]

Researchers have found that excess levels of calcium in brain cells may lead to the formation of toxic clusters that are the hallmark of Parkinson’s disease. The international team, led by the University of Cambridge, found that calcium can mediate the interaction between small membranous structures inside nerve endings, which […]

Sleep disruptions are one of the most commonly reported complaints among menopausal women. A new study of middle-aged women found that sleep problems vary across the stages of menopause, yet are consistently correlated with hot flashes and depression. The findings suggest that addressing those risk factors may also address sleep disruptions, as […]

Researchers from KU Leuven, Belgium, and the universities of Pittsburgh, Stanford and Penn State have identified 15 genes that determine our facial features. The findings were published in Nature Genetics. Our DNA determines what we look like, including our facial features. That appeals to the popular imagination, as the potential […]

The National Institutes of Health Tuesday released to the scientific community an unparalleled dataset from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) study. To date, more than 7,500 youth and their families have been recruited for the study, well over half the participant goal.  Approximately 30 terabytes of data (about three […]

For most prostate cancer patients, androgen-deprivation therapy, either through surgical removal of the testicles or the use of drugs that suppress testosterone production, is the standard treatment. Unfortunately, androgen deprivation stops working for almost all patients, leading to what is called castration-resistant disease. In such patients whose cancer has not […]

Nitrate in groundwater and drinking water, which primarily comes from fertilisers used in the agricultural production, has not only been subject to decades of environmental awareness – it has also been suspected of increasing the risk of cancer. The largest epidemiological study ever carried out in this area now shows that […]

In many modern animated movies, the trick to achieving realistic movements for individual characters and objects lies in motion-capture technology. This process often involves someone wearing a tracking suit covered in small, colored balls while a camera captures the position of those colored balls, which is then used to represent […]

Long after cancer has left the body, many patients continue to deal with one particular symptom that refuses to go away: fatigue. In a new study, researchers at Harvard Medical School, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and the University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB) have found that the power of placebos, even […]

People who inherit a mutated version of the ATF6 gene are born with a malformed or missing fovea, the eye region responsible for sharp, detailed vision. From birth, their vision is severely limited, and there is no cure. Jonathan Lin, MD, PhD, associate professor of pathology at University of California […]

New insights from neutron analysis of glaucoma drugs and their enzyme target may help scientists design drugs that more effectively target aggressive cancers. A team of researchers led by the Department of Energy’s Oak Ridge National Laboratory used neutron macromolecular crystallography to investigate the different states of three glaucoma drugs […]

An accidental discovery by Rochester researchers in 2003 touched off a wave of research into the area of neuroplasticity in adults, or how the brain’s neural connections change throughout a person’s lifespan. Fifteen years ago, Shawn Green was a graduate student of Daphne Bavelier, then an associate professor of brain […]

Our ears are exquisite detection instruments, capable of discerning a whisper or distinct notes of music within a symphony. To pick up these sounds, tiny hair-like filaments in the inner ear must be packed into precisely arranged bundles, all facing the same direction. Images of the normal, tidy architecture of […]

For years, Kathi Sigona felt like she had “a chest full of writhing worms in a bag.” The 57-year-old middle school principal also tired easily, but multiple visits to the doctor had found no heart trouble. Then, 12 years ago, Sigona was at her doctor’s office in Modesto, Calif., for […]